ABA 目标: 4岁正常发展孩子应有的学习技巧(6-5)～是谁 (Who),在哪里里找(Where)
1. 是谁(Who)
在这课程中, 我们不教你我他的主词和受词 (You, I, He, She, me, him and her), 而是教导介入孩子生活里, 有重要影向力的人物.
* 首当其冲的是最爱孩子的亲人, 父母和老师拿出孩子亲人的照片, 问他 “这是谁? (Who is this?”孩子回答 “妈妈”; 从孩子熟悉的人开始, 牵引他 能明白 “是谁 (Who)”的问题, 是回答谁是 “那个人”.
* 孩子能回答简单的“是谁(Who)”的问题后,我们开始介绍 “我们朋友”的照片,问孩子“这是谁?(Who is this?”,他的反应是不知道,我们接著提词(prompt)要孩子问我们, “这是谁?(Who is this?””,我们回覆人的名字并简易介绍与我们的关系,例如 “他是约翰,是我的同事(He is John. He is my co-worker.); “她是玛丽.她是我的老板 “She is Mary. She is my boss.” 继续介绍孩子不认识的朋友照片, 教导目标是要孩子能主动问, “这是谁? (Who is this?”的问题.
* 父母从计算机中寻找著穿制服的社会服务人员, 例如消防员、警察、医疗人士、老师、法官、警卫、超市销售员、太空人、航空公司机长、空军、陆军、海军、牧师等; 并一次陈列5张照片在桌上一字排开, 先教会孩子能称呼其名, 再问问题. “是谁 (Who)”的问题现在是针对这些人的社会功能 (social functions); 问题例子如下:
是谁扑灭火灾? Who can put off the fire?
是谁抓坏人? Who can catch the bad people?
是谁医感冒? Who can heal the cold?
是谁教我学习? Who can teach me to learn?
是谁把坏人关在监狱里? Who can put bad people in jail?
是谁保护银行不被抢? Who can protect banks from robs?
是谁整理超市食品? Who can take care of the supermarket?
是谁上月球? Who can go to the Moon?
是谁开飞机去(美国)? Who can fly the airplane?
是谁开飞机打仗? Who can fly the fighting airplane?
是谁开船去打仗? Who can operate the battleships?
是谁开坦克车打仗? Who can drive the tank?
是谁在教堂里教人? Who can teach in the church?
2. 在哪里里找 Where can you …?)
* 在这课程中, 哪里里 (Where) 是专门与 “是谁 (Who)”有关联 (association), 例如消防局、警察局、医院、学校、法院、银行、超市、太空总署、飞机场、空军基地、陆军基地、海军战舰等; 并一次陈列5张照片在桌上一字排开, 先教会孩子能称呼其名, 再问问题.问题例子如下:
你在哪里里找消防员? Where can you find the firefighter?
你在哪里里找警察? Where can you find the policemen?
你在哪里里找医生? Where can you find the doctors?
你在哪里里找老师? Where can you find the teachers?
你在哪里里找法官? Where can you find the judge?
* 下一步是用风景月历照或明信片, 问孩子“这是哪里里?(Where is this?”,他的反应是不知道,我们接著提词(prompt)要孩子问我们, “这是哪里里?(Where is this?””,我们要回覆地点的称呼,例如 “这是公园/教堂/迪斯耐乐园/餐厅/美国白宫/台湾海滩/中国北京”等;接著继续介绍孩子不认识的风景照片, 教导目标是要孩子能主动问, “这是哪里里?(Where is this?”的问题.
3. 父母和老师用两个纸板分别写著 Who(谁)和Where(哪里里), 将亲人、朋友和著穿制服的社会服务人员(people)照片,并与其它的建筑物/ 地点 (place)照片混在一起,给孩子指令,要他归类 (sorting),先示范将一张人照摆在Who(谁)的纸板下,再将一张地点的照片放在Where(哪里里)的纸板下,孩子要继续将手中的照片分类完成;使他明白Who(谁)是问 “人 (people)”, Where(哪里里)是问 “地方/地点(place/location)”.
提醒
在进入下一阶段学习技巧 (6-6)之前,父母和老师一定要肯定孩子在这四个观念的认知基础: 是什么 (what),在哪里里 (where),是谁的 (whose)和是谁(who),才能继续教授:哪里个 (which),何时 (when),如何/怎么做(how)和为什么 (why)另四个重要的思考问句;不然日后不同的8个观念会交杂不清,严重伤害孩子未来的语言悟解和运用能力.
运用图片, 成为视觉提示, 帮助孩子回答以下4个不同的 Wh-问题, 是什么 (what), 在哪里里 (where), 是谁的 (whose) 和是谁 (who). 例如:
是谁扑灭火灾? Who can put off the fire?
在哪里里找消防员? Where can you find the firefighter?
消防员开什么车? What car does firefighter drive?
这是谁的帽子? Whose hat is this?
是谁抓坏人? Who can catch the bad people?
在哪里里找警察? Where can you find the police officer?
警察开什么车? What car does police officer drive?
这是谁的帽子? Whose hat is this?
在美国, 有首儿童热曲 “Who let the dog out?”能使孩子的 “Who”口语成熟, 也是康儿的拿手歌之一.
Who Let The Dogs Out Lyrics
Who let the dogs out (woof, woof, woof, woof) (woof, woof, woof, woof) (woof, woof, woof, woof)#p#分页标题#e# (woof, woof, woof, woof)
Who let the dogs out (woof, woof, woof, woof)
Who let the dogs out (woof, woof, woof, woof) (woof, woof, woof, woof)
When the party was nice, the party was jumping' (Hey, Yippie, Yi, Yo)
And everybody having' a ball (Hah, ho, Yippie Yi Yo)
I tell the fellas "start the name calling'" (Yippie Yi Yo)
And the girls report to the call
The poor dog show down
Who let the dogs out (woof, woof, woof, woof)
Who let the dogs out (woof, woof, woof, woof)
Who let the dogs out (woof, woof, woof, woof)
Who let the dogs out (woof, woof, woof, woof)
I see ya' little speed boat head up our coast
She really want to skip town
Get back off me, beast off me
Get back you flea infested monger
Who let the dogs out (woof, woof, woof, woof)
Who let the dogs out (woof, woof, woof, woof)
Who let the dogs out (woof, woof, woof, woof)
Who let the dogs out (woof, woof, woof, woof)
I'm gonna tell {Hey, Yippie, Yi, Yo}
To any girls calling them canine {Yippie, Yi, Yo}
Tell the dummy "Hey Man, It's part of the Party!" {Yippie Yi, Yo}
You fetch a women in front and her mans behind {Yippie, Yi, Yo}
Her bone runs out now
Who let the dogs out (woof, woof, woof, woof)
Who let the dogs out (woof, woof, woof, woof)
Who let the dogs out (woof, woof, woof, woof)
Who let the dogs out (woof, woof, woof, woof)
Say, A doggy is knotting' if he don't have a bone all doggy hold ya' bone,
All doggy hold it A doggy is knotting' if he don't have a bone
All doggy hold ya' bone, all doggy hold it
Wait for y'all my dogs, the party is on
I gotta get my girl I got my mind on
Do you see the rays coming' from my eye
What could you be friend
That Benji man that's breaking' them down?
Me and My white short shorts
And I can't seek a lot, any canine will do
I'm figuring' that's why they call me faithful
'Cause I'm the man of the land When they see me they doah-ooooo (howl)
Who let the dogs out (woof, woof, woof, woof)
Who let the dogs out (woof, woof, woof, woof)
Who let the dogs out (woof, woof, woof, woof)
Who let the dogs out (woof, woof, woof, woof)
